Their very name was a puzzle that mystified the ancient Greeks. If these warrior women were a figment of Greek imagination, there still remained the unanswered question of who or what had been the inspiration for such an elaborate fiction. Myth or fact, symbol or neurosis, none of the theories adequately explained the origins of the Amazons. As for their violent death in tale after tale, this was obviously an expression of unresolved sexual conflict. All those women sitting astride their horses, for example-surely the animal was nothing but a phallus substitute. The Amazonian myths appeared to hold the key to the innermost neuroses of the Athenian male. The only theorists who remained relatively unfazed by the debates swirling through academia were the Freudians, for whom the idea of the Amazons was far more interesting in the abstract than in a pottery fragment or arrowhead. Another insisted that they were simply a propaganda tool used by the Athenians during times of political stress. In the 20th century, one school of thought claimed that the real Amazons were probably beardless “bow-toting Mongoloids” mistaken for women by the Greeks. There was, however, one major problem with the Bachofen-inspired theory of matriarchy: There was not a shred of physical evidence to support it. The man took command in the home also the woman was degraded and reduced to servitude she became the slave of his lust and a mere instrument for the production of children.” As Engels memorably put it: “The overthrow of mother-right was the world historical defeat of the female sex. Starting with Friedrich Engels, Bachofen inspired generations of Marxist and feminist theorists to write wistfully of a pre-patriarchal age when the evils of class, property and war were unknown. But Bachofen’s influence went far beyond the Ring Cycle. Brünnhilde and her fellow Valkyries could be easily mistaken for flying Amazons. It comes as no surprise that the composer Richard Wagner was enthralled by Bachofen’s writings. “The triumph of patriarchy brings with it the liberation of the spirit from the manifestations of nature.” Women “only know of the physical life,” he wrote. Despite his admiration for the earth-mother women/priestesses who once held sway, Bachofen believed that the domination of men was a necessary step toward progress. In his view, humanity started out under the rule of womankind and only switched to patriarchy at the dawn of civilization. In 1861 Bachofen published his radical thesis that the Amazons were not a myth but a fact. The origins of the debate can be traced back to a Swiss law professor and classical scholar named Johann Jakob Bachofen. In some parts of the academic world, however, the historical existence of the Amazons, or any matriarchal society, has long been a raging issue. The creators of Wonder Woman had no interest in proving an actual link to the past. magazine in 1972-with the slogan “Wonder Woman for President.” But the core brand was still strong enough for Gloria Steinem to put her on the cover of the first newsstand issue of Ms. It was no longer clear whether she was meant to empower the girls or captivate the boys. During the 1960s, she was hardly wondrous at all, less a heroic warrior than the tomboyish girl next-door. Over the years, the writers at DC Comics softened Wonder Woman’s powers in ways that would have infuriated Marston. Not wanting to be girls, they don’t want to be tender, submissive, peace-loving as good women are.” “Not even girls want to be girls so long as our feminine archetype lacks force, strength and power. “Wonder Woman is psychological propaganda for the new type of woman who should, I believe, rule the world,” declared the psychologist and comic book writer William Moulton Marston, offering a proto-feminist vision that undoubtedly sounded quite radical in 1943. It wouldn’t have pleased Wonder Woman’s creator either. The fact that she isn’t even getting billing in the title makes me suspicious. Would the producers give her a role as fierce as her origins-and maybe some shoulder straps-or would she just be cartoon eye candy? Superman, it made me excited-and anxious.
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She seemed to be speaking directly to me, urging, “Go find your own inner Amazonian.” When I read the news that Wonder Woman was going to be resurrected for a blockbuster movie in 2016, Batman vs. I never wanted to dress like her-the idea of wearing a gold lamé bustier and star-spangled blue underwear all day seemed problematic-but the Amazonian princess was strong and resourceful, with a rope trick for every problem.
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I oved watching the “Wonder Woman” TV series when I was a girl.
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